Leadership in Mentoring Nursing Students

Leadership in Mentoring Nursing Students Management has been existed in our society since human beings began in the form of social organisation to achieve their goals, have become a significant part to our society and human activity. Management and leadership are clearly different, management is do things right and leadership is do the right thing, but both are equally important (Bennis, 1997). Therefore, the effective leaders and effective managers are required by the organisations, teams or groups to achieve the expected goals. Bennis (1994) defined management as a process of getting things done through others. This definition emphasizes that a manager to manage and organize a planning, assessment and assist the activities of others or subordinates. Bateman and Snell (2007) stated that four management functions: planning, organising, leading, and controlling are very valuable for professional practice. McKenna et al (2004) assert that effective leadership in practice is crucial for professional development and patients care enhancement. According to Marquis and Huston (2003), leadership is a process without threats and violence of empowering belief, persuading, moving and influencing another toward an objective. Dessler (2004) also defined leadership as a person influences others to willingly work toward a predetermined goal. However, Mintzberg (2004) assert that there are many views and definitions of leadership and makes leadership is complicated and confusing. Stanley (2009) defines and explores the health practice leadership as unifying people around values and then constructing the social world for others around those values and helping people to get through change. Leadership impact our daily and futures lives and very important in my clinical area to create an environment thats positive for relationship building and conducive to effective professional practice. Health professional such as nurses and AMO requires a strong, knowledgeable and consistent leader in quality professional practice environments to provide quality health services. Therefore, to achieve the requirements of professional practice and consumers requirements and expectations, its important for health professional to integrate leadership in health professional practice (Sofarelli and Brown, 1998). I will discuss and explore the theory of leadership in this paper when mentoring and encouraging staff and Assistant Medical Officer (AMO) to their career development, including further learning and leadership methods at Plaster Unit, and will implement this idea in my placement and appropriate use for my new task as a leader. My hospital is among the most famous teaching hospital in Malaysia which conduct education programs for medical, nursing and allied health science students. With over 11 years working experience and was promoted to Senior Assistant Medical Officer at Plaster Unit, Orthopaedic Department since January 2011. I have been appointed by head of Orthopaedic Department as manager, clinical instructor and mentor of Plaster Unit for new staff, medical and nursing students, particularly related to Plaster of Paris application. At the same time, I need to train and facilitate the department staff and newly AMO to update skills, knowledge and develop their further learning including mentoring programs. As a manager and instructor at Plaster Unit, I may be writing policies, assess, implement and promote policies, I might challenge the policy appears to be sensible and evaluate the policies. Good leaders were made rather than born. Good leaders must have the desire, willpower, and develops through lifelong learning process of educational, training and experiences (Jago, 1982). Taylor (2009) state that today health care operates in a rapidly growing environment where changes in leadership to be the main criteria for career development. Many different leadership theories have emerged and made based on previous theorists, but there are 8 major leadership theories; Great Man theory, Trait theory, Contingency theory, Situation theory, Behavioural theory, Participative theory, Transactional theory and Transformational theory. Burns (1978) have identified two types of leadership theories; transactional and transformational. Burns (1978) describes the transactional theory: leaders are just sitting towards the result, followers are directed to perform tasks and be appreciated by money or reward if the task is accomplished. In transformational theory, leaders see the relationship is very important, especially between leaders and followers. Mentoring relationships can develop the highest level of relationship between managers and subordinates (Graen Scandura, 1987). According to WhettonÂÂ   Cameron (2002), studies have shown that mentoring relationships have been increased career satisfaction, resiliency to stress, professional practice success and developing motivation. The initial concept of transformational leadership was introduced by Burns (1978); leaders and followers make each other to advance to a higher level of moral and motivation. Bass (1985) explains that the difference between transactional and transformational leadership is the ability of transformational leadership to motivate others to achieve goals more than what they wants. Transformational leadership has influenced me and mentoring program in plaster unit, it has motivated me and students to believe the vision and implement it to achieve goals. To be a trusted mentor and as a motivation , I am constantly learning and using advanced knowledge, my experience and skills to develop them as a successful professional through mentoring program. Transformational leadership occurs when leaders changes followers in three ways: the followers trusting the leader, performing behaviours that contribute to successfully of organisation objectives and get motivated to work at the highest level (Bass,1985). Schunk (2005) assert that motivation is a critical component of learning and professional development. I always have been motivated by the head of department and AMO supervisor to constantly improve the knowledge and skills, a nd this similarly methods are applied in mentoring program to the students and staff under my supervision. Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. Further research has identified the type of leadership that is more specific, but a preliminary research by a team of researchers led by Kurt Lewin in 1939 is influenced and established the three main leadership styles; Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez-Faire. Autocratic leaders make decisions independently and are usually seen as controlling, bossy and dictatorial. Autocratic leadership best used in situations where lack of time to make decisions or leader is the most knowledgeable. Lewin et al (1939) found that the Democratic leadership is most effective leadership style. Democratic leaders offer guidance, participate in groups and encourage participation in the group, but retain the final decision-making process. Subordinates feel more involved in the group planning, more creative and motivated. While, researchers found that Laissez-Fair leadership is the least productiv e, where the Laissez-Fair leaders offer little or no guidance to subordinates and let them make their own decisions. Laissez-Faire leadership effectively used in situations that have members who are highly skilled, knowledgeable, motivated and able to work on their own. According to Lewin et al (1939), different leader lead differently, they can choose which style where appropriate and depending on the situation. Democratic leadership have been adopted in our department and mentoring program, all are encouraged and freely to give opinions and recommendations through department meetings, regular meetings and during weekly clinical area visits. I and AMO supervisor always offer guidance, participate in groups and encourage all AMO to involve in weekly discussions; it makes them feel involved in decision-making in Plaster Unit. Many researchers have shown that effective communication is closely related to the organisational successful and most important process of the management to run smoothly, to share information, decisions making and enhance the productive relationships with patients. According to Barret (2006), effective communication skills makes an effective leader; effective communication skills will build, enable and create understanding and trust that will encourage their subordinates to follow their leader. I believe that effective communication will help member to build trust, respect, facilitate learning, to understand the issues and make decisions for effective change and achieve goals. Shamir et al (1993) asserts that transformational leadership using communication to create a positive atmosphere and beneficial changes to their follower. When mentoring, I always encourage maximum interaction between mentor and learners to create more communication. Communication will be more effective if lead ers/mentor can be credible by his followers/mentee to create a positive ethos, because credibility is very important to inspire confidence and encourage followers to listen. Kouzes and Posner (1993) states that the most important things others follow someone is persons credibility. In summary, lifelong learning is very important for professional practice development, and better services to patients. Mentoring is a successful strategy to increase students academic success and professional careers (MacCallum Beltman, 2003). As a mentor and manager of Plaster Unit, I need to supervise, teach, provide skills and knowledge to newly AMO and students, and ensure the mentoring program is successful as expected objectives. Therefore, the skills of persuade and influence others is essential to gain trust and be accepted by students. Kram (1985) has outlined three key aspects of mentoring; mentoring-relationships, guidance for learning and mechanisms to achieve significant leadership development. Leadership development has become increasingly important and strategic imperative for private or public organisation (Leskiw and Singh, 2007). At my placement, mentoring program through transformational leadership has been recognized by the head of department and hospital management to produce a dedicated staff and good leaders, to provide quality services to our patients which are priority of our tasks. We believe that transformational leaders have competencies and expertise to constantly keep our department competitive. According to Raggins et al (2000), studies have shown that mentoring provides many benefits to facilitate the career development of employees. Advice, support and encouragement can be delivered by experienced professionals for the less experienced professionals through a mentoring program. Transformational leadership will be activated, and a positive work culture and subordinates career development can be promoted if leaders or manager served as a mentor (Scandura Williams, 2004). Bass and Avolio (1993) believes that vision communication and an emphasis on achieving organisational goals by building self-c onfidence of followers are among the major behaviour of transformational leader. Bass (1990) assert that the concept of transformational leadership and mentoring approach are same, both influences the career development, commitment, performance and satisfaction. However, according to Sosik and Godshalk (2000), when compared to transactional leadership, transformational leadership mentoring supervision is better and more effective. Bass (1990) explains that there are four main characteristics that distinguish transformational leaders from transactional leadership: Transformational leaders are characterized by idealised influence or charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. Mentoring will be more effective if those four characters of transformational leadership are present on mentor (Scandura Wlliams, 2004). Banerji and Krishnan (2000) asserts that charisma characteristics are the most important of transformational leadership. House (1977) explain that charismatic leaders have the characteristics of ability to communicate, inspire and motivate the employees, communication skills, self-confidence, ability to interpret and implement the organizational vision and ability to be enthusiastic to daily works. Therefore, I believe that transformational characteristics are important to achieve the department vision and self-improvement. Jung et al (2009) states that the characteristics of transformational leadership are often associated with many positive organizational outcomes and related to overall effectiveness of leadership. There is substantial evidence that transformational leadership will enhance the quality of health-care services to patients and reduce the negative impact on health professional, increase staff creativity and department innovation. As manager of plaster unit, I expect this leadership transformational benefits will make us more creative and able to adapt their skills and knowledge to the services and the best clinical outcomes for patients. In conclusion, this paper has highlighted the important issues of leadership that is needed for future practice development and how has affected the mentoring success. As health professionals who are concerned with career development and provide the best service to patients, it is important to explore and learn deeper about various leadership styles. Transformational leadership theory is advocated by many leadership thinkers as the best leadership approach to in the organization that allows employees to achieve their full potential (Taylor, 2009). Integrating mentoring and transformational leadership are crucial for health professional to get more effective leadership training (Scandura Williams, 2004). Therefore, organisations need to more improve mentoring and leadership training that will facilitate the development of transformational leaders and capable mentors.

On the Road Essay

â€Å"On the Road† is not merely a tale of adventure. It is a story of a journey of life. As the characters travel back and forth between places, they move from one phase of their life to the next. It is a story of friendship, realization, and growth. The story’s ending highlights the end of a journey for Sal. Furthermore, it shows his metamorphosis as a human and his growth in terms of maturity. Also, the last part of the novel shows how he transformed in term s of how he viewed life and the people around him, most especially Dean. Most important of all, the latter part of the novel shows a much needed transition and change in Sal’s life. As he journeys alone, it serves as a symbol and a metaphor of his growth and independence from Dean. His decision to venture out on his own without calling on Dean to join him is a metaphor. As was seen in the beginning of the novel, Sal was mesmerized with Dean’s outlook of the world. He was at awe with how Dean lived his life. He wanted the same life which was the reason he joined Dean in travelling around the country. However, as the novel came to an end, so did Sal’s enchantment with Dean and the life he was living. His decision to go out on his own is evidence that he changed his view of the world. It showed how he outgrew their old ways and moved on to more important and valuable things in life. No longer was he interested in simple fun and the happy-go-lucky life. He aspired for more significance and meaning. He craved for a more meaningful life. The ending of the novel shows how Sal transformed as an individual. It showed how he moved on to a better life. Sadly, this meant disassociation with Dean and the life he chose to live.

The City Of The House - 1479 Words

compluvium, which was positioned directly above the impluvium, a basin area to collect rain water. The pater familias would be most likely to stand or be seated in the atrium in line with the fauces. The visitors gaze was then cleverly directed to the owner of the house by a sequence of architecturally framed planes against a backdrop of an alluring glimpse of the garden beyond. From this dominant position, the master of the house appeared to control the boundaries of his home. (Figure 13) Most of the activity took place in the atrium. Ancestral portrait masks and household gods were familiar sights. There was often a loom for spinning and weaving to show guests that the matron of the home worked with wool and was therefore of exemplary†¦show more content†¦This is significant for the discussion of ritual to note the difference in suburban villa house structure verses the previously stated traditional Roman house. The Roman Villa has long been epitomized as an elegant and luxurious refuge, and a haven removed from the commotion of everyday life. Even in antiquity the time spent at villas were synonymous with pleasure, wealth, and leisure. As the letters of Cicero and Pliny expressively demonstrate, the aim of every wealthy noble was to have several villas, or country residences, preferably with immaculate views. This acceptance of more opulent style of life has been regarded as an acculturation effect resulting from Rome’s expanded rule into the weste rn and eastern Mediterranean, and their direct contact with the Hellenistic world. Roman aristocrats began to desire lavish surroundings to match their sense of power and dominance. This new way of life called for opening the house to the landscape and including gardens within the inhabited space. The Roman Villa’s clever orientation of porticos, dining rooms, and bedrooms to take advantage of particular vistas shows that Roman aristocrats and their architects consciously included nature and the landscape in their designs to enhance them and add a new dimension to the inhabitant’s enjoyment. As one can see within each Roman dwelling,

Know The 7 Elements of Art and Why They Are Important

The elements of art are sort of like atoms in that both serve as building blocks for creating something. You know that atoms combine and form other things. Sometimes theyll casually make a simple molecule, as when hydrogen and oxygen form water (H2O). If hydrogen and oxygen take a more aggressive career path and bring carbon along as a co-worker, together they might form something more complex, like a molecule of sucrose (C12H22O11). The 7 Elements of Art A similar activity happens when the elements of art are combined. Instead of elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, in art you have these building blocks: LineShapeFormSpaceTextureValueColor Artists manipulate these seven elements, mix them in with principles of design, and compose a piece of art. Not every work of art contains every one of these elements, but at least two are always present. For example, a sculptor, by default, has to have both form and space in a sculpture, because these elements are three-dimensional. They can also be made to appear in two-dimensional works through the use of perspective and shading. Art would be sunk without line, sometimes known as a moving point. While line isnt something found in nature, it is absolutely essential as a concept to depicting objects and symbols, and defining shapes. Texture is another element, like form or space, that can be real (run your fingers over an Oriental rug, or hold an unglazed pot), created (think of van Goghs lumpy, impasto-ed canvases) or implied (through clever use of shading). Color is  often the whole point for people who are visual learners and thinkers. Why Are the Elements of Art Important? The elements of art are important for several reasons. First, and most importantly, a person cant create art without utilizing at least a few of them. No elements, no art—end of story. And we wouldnt even be talking about any of this, would we? Secondly, knowing what the elements of art are enables us to: describe what an artist has doneanalyze what is going on in a particular piececommunicate our thoughts and findings using a common language Musicians can talk about the key of A, and they all know it means a pitch relating to 440 oscillations per second of vibration. Mathematicians may use the very basic word algorithm and feel confident that most people know they mean a step-by-step procedure for carrying out computation. Botanists world-wide will employ the name rosa rugosa, rather than the much longer that old-fashioned shrub rose - you know, the one that leaves hips in the fall - with the five-petaled flowers that can be yellow, white, red or pink. These are all specific examples of a common language coming in handy for intelligent (and shortened) discourse. So it is with the elements of art. Once you know what the elements are, you can trot them out, time after time, and never put a wrong foot forward in the art world. Does your instructor want you to write a few words and/or pages on a painting of your choice? Choose wisely, and then wax euphoric on form, lines, and color. Have you found an unidentified work in your great-aunts attic/toolshed/outhouse? It is helpful when describing the piece to someone who may be able to supply you with further information, to throw in some of the pieces elements of art along with: Its an etching. Its on paper. Stumped for conversation at a gallery show? Try The artists use of ________ (insert element here) is interesting. This is a much safer course than attempting to psychoanalyze the artist (after all, you may be standing in a clump of people that includes his or her mother) or using words which leave you a bit uncertain of exact meanings and/or pronunciations. The elements of art are both fun and useful. Remember ​line, shape, form, space, texture, value and color. Knowing these elements will allow you to analyze, appreciate, write and chat about art, as well as being of help should you create art yourself.

How I Constantly Define Myself Through The Failures

Looking back at my younger years, I never realized how I constantly define myself through the failures in my life. â€Å"Police, open the door!† A threatening demand followed by three sharp, horrible booms on the shaky green door to our three bedroom duplex. At that time I was much younger and we were a family of five not seven. We seemed like a put together family; we went to church every Sunday, ate dinners as one on the long wooden dining table, and we even had family reading days. About every other week we would walk to the library and take books home to read to together. Yes it seemed all grand, but perhaps there was something I didn’t know. I was too naive to realize that the monthly late night yells seeping from underneath the creaky†¦show more content†¦She opened the door swiftly revealing two tall bulky police officers behind with erect waist belts which were accentuated by a gun protruding from the sides of their belts. One officer had his hand gripped firmly on his bulging side pocket and the leaned in listening attentively to my mother’s response. Within moments I watched my strong poised mother become weak and desperate on her knees begging for God’s mercy and the mercy of the officers. The o fficers opened up handcuffs, tightened them on his wrists and walked my father out the door. My anxious little heart ran from the top of the steps, afraid of the eventuality that comes after unleashing the cuffs. In all the chaos a persistent wave came over me, clenching my heart, gripping my throat and hindering my speech. â€Å"No! Mm†¦ This int fair!† I screamed inside. My body burned with fury as I turned to one of the officers and asked â€Å"What’s happening?† He looked at me then at my mother and responded, â€Å"Please take your children inside!† in a disgusted tone. My teary eyed siblings and I watched from the top of the front steps as they took him away. The tall, big bellied man lounging in the living room couch watching television a few moments ago was standing restlessly in front of an open police car door. The officers lowered his sweaty shaved head into the car and with his gruff, strong voice he yelled, â€Å"The devil is a liar!† from

Japanese Culture Free Essays

Normally, a people’s culture as the total way of life is as a result of the historical, socio-cultural developments of that community. The case is not any different from that of the Japanese culture. This development is clearly exemplified by the fact that virtually all of Japan’s culture such as the Shinto shrines, the beliefs and practices surrounding the shrine and the construction works are based on the myths and legends that were associated with leaders such as Sugawara no Michizane. We will write a custom essay sample on Japanese Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Similarly, some of the architecture and practices were based on the beliefs concerning the pantheon of gods that characterized the Japanese culture. According to the Japanese culture, mythology and folklore, the Sugawara no Michizane is the proper name for the Tenjin, the indigenous spiritual force that is also known as the personification and the embodiment of the ideal Japanese scholar, politician and poet. As another name for Sugawara no Michizane, Tenjin stands for both sky and deity, with the same denotation of ‘the god of thunder. ’ The history and culture of the ancient Japanese have it that Sugawara no Michizane rose through the ranks in the government during the late epoch of the 9th century. Nevertheless, at the beginning of 10th century, Sugawara no Michizane succumbed to the plot of a rival group which had traces in the Fujiwara family. This resulted in his demotion and subsequent deposition to Kyushu. This development would later herald his lonesome death which paved way for drought, plague and widespread deaths among the populace in Daigo Empire. The princes of the empire would also fall herein. It is interesting to note that after this development, there were endless spates of lightning rainstorms and heavy deluge. The gravity of the matter is that the locals interpreted these developments as phenomenal and supernatural attestations of the spirits being displeased and irked by the exiling of Sugawara no Michizane. This led to the building and construction of the Shinto shrine located in Kyoto. This shrine was later called the Kitano Tenmangu. In this regard, the office and post of Sugawara no Michizane was thus restored posthumously, while any mentioning of his exiling was totally expunged from the records (Samovar, et al 2009) . As if all the above is not enough, Sugawara became deified as the Kami or the Tenjin-sama of scholarship and learning. It is against this backdrop that most of the Shinto shrines in Japan are dedicated to Sugawara no Michizane. Another important way in which the beliefs, superstitions and practices related to the gods affected the Japanese culture is found in the culture of burial and funeral rites. Particularly, the act is known to have been rejuvenated during the fourteenth generation of Haji family. At this time, Nomi no Sukune as the descendant of the god Amenohohi was the supreme leader. As of the ancient days, during the rein of Emperor Suinin, the funeral arrangements and burial arrangements were primitive to the core, to an extent that the deceased would be buried alongside his kinsfolk. The burial of Empress Hibasuhime alongside the clay images of 300 potters at the behest of Nomi no Sukune in lieu of living retainers and relatives on the account of the need to have a just government was the first breakaway from the somewhat devious culture. This paved way to the assimilation of the culture of burying people with clay models, as opposed to the living. With time, the culture of burying the dead with the aforementioned accompaniments soon became faced out. Similarly, it is the family of the Sugawara no Michizane that the Confucian movement as a religious way of life. At the same time, Confucian scholars arose from this group to supply the Japanese culture with the culture and spirit of intellectualism. The Haji, together with the middle rank of the Sugawara formed the society’s middle rank, mainly serving the ancient Japanese culture as courtiers. Conversely, that the ancient Japanese culture has its genesis of the belief in the gods is well underscored by the fact that the Japanese culture has been believed to have emanated from the gods. In a closely related wavelength, it remains a fact that Furuhito gave the petition of concerning the Japanese family and history. It is against this backdrop that the Japanese family and culture is known to have been divided into three stages. The stages start with the legendary point or stages; the period of loyalty; and the period of the decline of the Yamato’s family status. All the offshoots of the family are said to have descended from the god Amenohohi. Amenohohi on the other hands is said to have come about as a result of the gods, Amaterasu and Susanoo coming together in a procreating contest (Lebra and Lebra 2006) . The legend has it that Amaterasu took off to the cave, for which Susanoo followed in hot pursuit after her. At this point, Amaterasu is said to have swallowed Susanoo’s sword, giving rise to three girls who were known to be the children of Susanoo. Afterwards, Susanoo swallowed Amaterasu’s jewelry, with the spitting out of five boys. These five boys are known to be the sons of the Amaterasu. Among the five sons is Amenohohi. The fact that this above account is seen to be ubiquitous to among the Japanese is well underscored by its appearance in Nihonshoki and Kojiki letters; albeit the letters exhibiting variations in details. The Kojiki source has the Amenohohi as the ancestor of the Izumo magistrate and the Haji family among five other local magistrates. Despite the scantiness of evidence that would authenticate the accuracy and originality of the Haji account. It is suggested that the Haji sources originated from the Izumo who served in the Yamato courts and also as supervisors of funeral arrangements and pottery making during the ancient times. Investigation into the political and social institutions of the Yamato courts before the 645 AD Taika Reforms yield better and more productive information on the Haji family (Varley, 2000) . Both historical and archaeological evidence point out that the affairs of the Yamato courts and Japan’s primordial social and economic structures are known to have dated as early as the pre-historic era. This standpoint is clearly underscored by the historians’ agreement and approach of dividing the tomb period together with all its markings of religious leadership from the middle tomb period as characterized by heavier military paraphernalia and symbols. Given the above developments, it is easier to see that the Japanese culture was totally fixed upon concepts that bordered on: common lineage and history, to which it was believed that all the concerned clans emanated from the gods [Amaterasu and Susanoo]; common culture and common traditions and religious beliefs. References Lebra, T. S. and Lebra, W. (2006). Japanese Culture and Behavior: Selected Readings. New York: Prentice Hall. Samovar, L, et al. (2009). Communication between Cultures. New York: SAGE. Varley, H. P. (2000). Japanese Culture. New York: McGraw Hill. How to cite Japanese Culture, Papers

Manufacture Information System Architecture -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Manufacture Information System Architecture? Answer: Introduction The plant nursery company decides to take up the POS system to flourish the business activities. The report explains all the advantages and disadvantages of the point-of-sale system. The plant nursery company after adopting POS is going to several challenges (Chenghu 2015). There are several challenges that the plant nursery company can confront have been elaborated in details in the report. Recommendations made in the report will help to carry out the business activities in agile and effective manner. The POS will give Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery the competitive advantage by which they can stay ahead of all other companies. Advantages and disadvantages of the new POS system Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery decides to take up the POS system, and POS system has lot of benefits to offer- Several mistakes are committed by the humans while evaluating the financial data. The POS system uses certain algorithms to calculate data without any errors. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can be able to get error-free financial calculations with the assistance of the POS system (Theorin et al. 2017). POS system works on the specific algorithms and provides error-free solutions accurate results. The products of the plant nursey company can be traced by applying the POS system in efficient manner. The POS system is helpful for them as they can keep records of the shipments of the products (Cavelty and Mauer 2016). The company can address the activities of the employees of the company with the help of POS. iii. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can get benefitted as POS can speed up their products transaction (Safa, Solms, and Furnell 2016). The plant nursery company by implementing POS system can get the opprtunity to serve their customers well. POS can aid the company to manage the stock well. POS system can facilitate them to check their stock availability. The POS system facilitates the development of business reports. The business reports offer benefits like data analysis. Annual profit margin can be measured with the help of POS (Theorin et al. 2017). Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can get an overview of all the business operations applying POS system- Costing- POS system implementation is very expensive. The small or mid-size business can struggle due to the high cost implementation of the software (Cavelty and Mauer 2016). Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can confront issues while taking up the POS system. The company will have to spend monthly or yearly for subscribing POS. Maintenance- The POS system takes a high amount of time for the maintenance, and the POS system requires daily maintenance (Safa, Solms, and Furnell 2016). The company performance can get seriously affected at the time of maintenance of POS system. POS system helping the business to gain competitive advantages The point-of-sale system is capable of identifying the business transactions details from the sales transactions made. The POS system can facilitate the employees of the Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery as they will not have to put effort to track all the sales manually. The companies can store, access and process of data configuring POS in their system. POS can similarly help Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery to store, access and process data (Safa, Solms, and Furnell 2016). The POS also eases inventory management so Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can better manage the inventory. The companies design several products and POS can help to know which products can give them maximum profits. POS system works much more efficiently, and POS is much better compared to the cash register (Goztepe 2016). The plant nursery company can fix products price following which they can earn a profit. The point-of-sale system also aids decision making. The company managers by configuring POS s ystem in their premises can be able to offer various responsibilities to the employees of the companies (Theorin et al. 2017). Thus, with the help of POS, the company can earn more profit and revenues. All these aspects give the competitive edge, and POS signifies that the company can effectively perform the business activities. Advantages of having a centralized database The centralised database consists of many benefits and all those advantages have been specified in the report. The centralised database service can provide services to the companies irrespective of size. Redundant storage and the fault tolerant setup are two services that are provided by the plant nursery company. The hardware failure can result in data loss. Data preservation methods can assist in storing and preserve the important data. Backup functionalities can be acquired by the data preservation techniques (Safa, Solms, and Furnell 2016). Thus hardware failure will not affect the business operations, if Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery keeps backup of important data. Security to data is provided by the company. Thus, security breaches and data breaches can be mitigated with the aid of the data preservation methodologies. iii. Centralised database storage is known to provide cost-effective services and numerous functionalities. The centralised database storage configuration is relatively costly (Theorin et al. 2017). Less amount of money is required for maintaining the centralised database. Centralised database also lessens space requirements. POS system facilitating decision making The inventorys data accuracy of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can be managed by applying POS in their premises. Decision making is facilitated by POS system. The accuracy of the inventory data can be better managed by the advanced decision making. The company works on the basis of presumptions. It orders items based on presumptions (Dong et al. 2015). The methodologies they follow have multiple flaws. The adaptation of POS system will bring immense benefits to the company. The company can better manage the inventory with the help of POS. The POS also can influence the decision making. Plant nursery companys managers can acknowledge what to buy, how to buy, what not to buy and what to be sold. The plant nursery company can yield maximum benefits by configuring POS in their premises. Recommending telecommunication options for this POS system The plant nursery company can be facilitated with the help of WAN network. WAN facilitates quick file access so the company can get access the faster relatively faster due to the caching. The plant nursery company working employees can exchange information with each other effectively all the time. Thus WAN network can be helpful in minimizing the distance between the branch offices and the headquarters (Sicari et al. 2015). The employees can be able to conduct cost-effective service with the aid of WAN connection. Wide Area Network caters security solutions to the clients and the customers of the plant nursery company. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can stay ahead of all other companies by WAN. Type of risks POS system bring and procedures to protect the business against those risks Security- The insecure system and network both can be disastrous for Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery. the hackers always search for this opportunity. They seek advantage from the network which is insecure, identify those insecure network and attack. They steal all the important data from the database, modify those data, and even delete those data (Sklavos and Zhang 2017). The plant nursey company can protect their system and database by simply installing the antivirus program and configuring a firewall. The firewall and the antivirus can save the confidential data from getting breached. Confidentiality- Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery will have to ensure the safety of the database. The plant nursey company will have to notice that the data must not get breached due to malware attack. The clients data and the customers data are important, and data breach and a security breach can result in loss of company (Ab Rahman and Choo 2015). Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery will have to ensure that the confidentiality does not get compromised. Privacy- The malware attack can endanger employees privacy. The attackers can attack the Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery system and steal the vital information of the data. Someones privacy can be protected by configuring antivirus program (Wang, Peng and Bian 2015). The employees of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nurserys must set up a username and password. The employees should not disclose the password at any cost otherwise, the privacy can get endangered. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discourse that POS can provide several benefits to Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery. The company by configuring POS in their premises can embellish decision making. The plant nursery company can be benefitted simply configuring POS in their premises. POS can help them to stay ahead of all other companies. The WAN connectivity can help the employees to connect with each other, WAN connectivity can help the company to conduct the business activities online. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can suffer from security issues, confidentiality issues and privacy issues. The plant nursery company with the help of recommendations can use the POS effectively in their premises. Recommendations The plant nursery company should use POS ethically so that the workers can meet the business deliverables. The plant nursery company must install antivirus program into the system. The antivirus program can help the company to protect all the confidential data and the sensitive financial data. The antivirus program can help to protect from the malicious activities. iii. POS aids decision making and innovative approach. The approach can be beneficial as that can help them to stay ahead of all other companies. References Ab Rahman, N.H. and Choo, K.K.R., 2015. A survey of information security incident handling in the cloud.Computers Security,49, pp.45-69. Cavelty, M.D. and Mauer, V., 2016.Power and security in the information age: Investigating the role of the state in cyberspace. Routledge. Chenghu, Z.H.O.U., 2015. Prospects on pan-spatial information system.Progress in Geography,34(2), pp.129-131. De Vasconcelos, J.B., Gouveia, F.R. and Kimble, C., 2016, July. 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